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Lewis Carroll — biography

Lewis Carroll (Льюис Кэрролл) (1832-1898) — literary pseudonym of the English writer, mathematics, logic, photographer, philosopher and deacon Charles Lutwidge Dodgson. Zodiac — Aquarius.

The author of popular stories for children «Alisa in the country of miracles» (1865) and «In The world behind the looking-glass» (1871). Carroll's scientific works have anticipated some ideas the mathematical logic.

Oxford «Don»

Lewis Carroll cheshire, England in a large family of the Anglican priest was born on January, 27th, 1832 in Darsberi, a county. Having ended with distinction college Christ Church College of the Oxford university on mathematics and classic languages and having received degree Master of House, Dodzhson has accepted a younger holy order deacon (in clerical Oxford dignity acceptance was an indispensable condition of election in members of college) and became «don» — a member of college of Church Christ's which remained till the end of a life. Duties of a member of college were not especially burdensome and left a lot of free time with which «don» could fill under own discretion. Dodzhson preferred to spend long hours behind a desk, being engaged in literary creativity.

Pseudonym birth "Lewis Carroll"

The publisher of magazines and writer Edmund Jets has advised Dodzhson to think up a pseudonym, and in "Diaries" Dodzhson there is a record from February, 11th 1865: «Has written to Mr. Jetsu, having offered it on a choice pseudonyms:

• 1) Edgar Katvellis [name Edgar Cuthwellis turns out at shift of letters from Charles Lutwidge];
• 2) Edgard U. Ch. Vesthill [a method of reception of a pseudonym the same, as in the previous case];
• 3) Luis Carroll [Luis from Ljutvidzh — Ljudvik — Luis, Carroll from Charlz];
• 4) Lewis Kerrol [by the same principle of" transfer» names Charlz Vesthill Ljutvidzh on Latin and the return «transfer» from Latin on English]».

The choice has fallen on Lewis Carroll. Since then Charlz Ljutvidzh Dodzhson all "serious" mathematical and logic works were signed the present name, and by all literary — a pseudonym, persistently refusing to recognise identity Dodzhson and Carroll.

In the indissoluble union modest and a little prudish Dodzhson and bright Carroll The first obviously lost to the second: writer Lewis Carroll was the best mathematician and The logician, than Oxford «don» Charlz Ljutvidzh Dodzhson.

Mathematician Dodzhson

Mathematical works Dodzhson have not left some an appreciable track in mathematics history. Its mathematical formation was settled by knowledge of several books of "Beginnings" of the Ancient Greek mathematician of Euclid, bases of linear algebra, a calculus and a probability theory; it was explicitly insufficiently for work on "first line" of a mathematical science^[ru] of 19 centuries, worrying rapid development phase (the theory of the French mathematician of Galois, not Euclidean geometry of Russian mathematician Niklaja Ivanovicha Lobachevsky and Hungarian mathematician Janusha Bojjai, the mathematical physics, the qualitative theory of the differential equations, etc.).

Full isolation Dodzhson from the scientific world affected and in essence: not including short visits to London, Bath and to sisters, Dodzhson all time spent in Oxford, and only in 1867 customary way of his life has been broken by a trip to far Russia (impressions of this trip Dodzhson has stated in well-known «Russian diary»). Recently mathematical inheritance Dodzhson draws the increasing attention of the contributors discovering its unexpected mathematical finds, and remained not claimed.

Reachings Dodzhson in the field of a mathematical logic have much more anticipated time. It has developed the graphic technics of a solution of the logic problems, more convenient, than diagrammes of the mathematician, the mechanic, the physicist and astronomer Leonarda Euler or English logician John Venna. Special art Dodzhson has reached in a solution so-called «sorit». Litters is the logic problem representing a chain of syllogisms, at which the excepted inference of one syllogism serves as premise of another (besides the remained premises are intermixed; "litters" in a Greek way "heap") means. The reachings in the field of mathematical logic Ch. L. Dodzhson has stated in two-volume "Symbolical logic" (the second volume has been discovered recently in the form of proofs in archive of scientific opponent Dodzhson) and — in the facilitated variant for children — in «Logic game».

The writer Lewis Carroll

The unique originality kerrollovskogo style is caused triunity it Literary gift of thinking of the mathematician and the refined logic. Contrary to To popular belief in as if Carroll along with Edward Lirom can To be considered as the founder «nonsense poetry», Lewis Carroll actually Has created other genre of "the paradoxical literature": its heroes do not break logic, and On the contrary, follow it, leading up logic to the point of irrationality.

Carroll Lewis's the most considerable literary works by right two fairy tales about Alisa — «Alisa in the Country of Miracles» (1865) and «Through the Mirror are considered also that there has seen Alisa» (1871), usually for brevity named «Alisa in The world behind the looking-glass». Courageous experiments with language, set affected in fairy tales about Alisa thin logic and philosophical problems, a polysemy («polysemous») Expressions of characters^[ru] and situations do "children's" products Carroll Favourite reading of "grey-haired wise men».

Lines unique Carroll style are clearly notable and in others Carroll's products: "Silvi and Bruno", "Hunting for the Snark", "Midnight Problems", "Histories with small knots", "That the turtle has told Ahill", "Allen Brown and Carrhae", "Evklid and its modern contenders", letters to children.

L.Carroll was one of the first English pictorialists. Its works differ Naturalness and poetry, especially pictures of children. On the well-known to the international exhibition of a photo "Human race" (1956) English photographers 19 centuries have been presented by a unique picture of work of Lewis Carroll.

In Russia Carroll uses wide popularity from the end of the last century. Fairy tales about Alisa repeatedly (and with various success) were translated and retold on Russian, in particular, by Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov. But one of the best transfers was carried out by Boris Vladimirovich Zakhoder. The histories which have been thought up Carroll, love not only children, but also adults.

An interesting historical fact:

In times of Carroll's opium called laudanum (Laudanum), and many people took this alcohol opium tincture even with lung ailments, headaches. They have a relationship. Not escaped this fate and the English author Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, better known as Lewis Carroll. He had been suffering from very severe migraines. Therefore, many believed that Lewis took laudanum, as he eased the pain. Moreover, from early childhood the writer suffered from stuttering, which greatly worried him. The drug "helps" Carroll cope with this complex, soothed him and at the same time gave assurance. Whatever the true reason, one thing is certain: Carroll was under the influence of drugs. One needs only to read his "Alice in Wonderland." (Ju. A. Danilov)

40 rules of life girl Alice Liddell, which she learned while traveling in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass

• 1. If all the world is meaningless, what prevents invent any sense?
• 2. As long as you think, what to say - do curtsy! This saves time.
• 3. If you do not know what to say, say it in French! When you walk, socks Put apart! And remember who you are!
• 4. Before you go somewhere, you need to stock up on a good branch to keep off the elephants.
• 5. Do not lubricate the clock^[ru] butter!
• 6. If you have nothing to do, come up with something better riddles unanswered.
• 7. Somewhere you necessarily get. It should be just long enough to go.
• 8. If it is too long to keep in the hands of a red-hot poker in the end burned; if deep slash on the finger with a knife, the finger is usually bleeds; if the time to drain the bottle marked "Poison!", sooner or later, almost certainly feel unwell.
• 9. If someone does not meddle in the affairs of others, the earth^[ru] would have spun faster!
• 10. Never think that you are different than would be otherwise than as a different in cases where otherwise it is impossible not to be.
• 11. You have no idea how nice sea dance a quadrille with lobster.
• 12. If there is no point in verse, the better. You can not try to explain them.
• 13. If I was not real, I would not cry.
• 14. We need to run as fast just to stay in place, but to get somewhere, you must run at least twice as fast!
• 15. Tomorrow never happens today. Is it possible to wake up in the morning and say, "Well, now, finally, tomorrow?"
• 16. would like to meet someone intelligent for a change!
• 17. You can always take more than nothing.
• 18. You need to know how to get to the cashier, even if you can not read^[ru]!
• 19. What is the use in the book, if it has no pictures or conversations?
• 20. Do not grunt! Express their thoughts somehow different!
• 21. If that were so, it would have nothing, but if anything, it would have been, but since it is not, so it is not that way! Such is the logic of things!
• 22. One of the most serious losses in the battle - is the loss of the head.
• 23. When you say open your mouth a little wider.
• 24. When you're ill, always eat splinters. Another such tool you will not find!
• 25. Please give to all the cake, and then cut it!
• 26. Why organize processions, if everything will fall down? Anybody then did not see...
• 27. How good home! They're always the same height!
• 28. From the peppers, truly begin to argue with everyone. From vinegar - Cooks, from mustard - upset, from the bow - telling the whole story, from wine - vinyatsya, but from the baking - dobreyut. What a pity that no one knows about it... Everything would be so simple. We would eat muffin - and dobreli!
• 29. It is worth something to me to swallow, as there happens something interesting.
• 30. One blotter, of course, not very tasty. But if you mix it with something else - of powder, for example, or wax - then a different matter!
• 31. Some people are very smart, just like infants!
• 32. I never let anyone dissuade hands!
• 33. When I find something, it's usually a frog or a worm.
• 34. Girls, you know, also eat eggs.
• 35. That, my dear, if you're going to turn into a pig, I'm with you again I will not know.
• 36. No matter where my body is. My mind works without ceasing. The lower my head, the deeper my thoughts!
• 37. How convenient to lose a name! Let's say you come back home, but no one knows your name. Governess wants to call you on the lesson, shout: "Come here ..." - and then stop, the name of something she had forgotten. And you certainly will not go - because it is not known who she was calling!
• 38. Killing Time! Is that he might like! If you had not quarreled with him, I could ask him whatever you want.
• 39. Ten nights at ten times warmer than one. And ten times colder.
• 40. The moral: something not think.

Lewis Carroll died On January, 14th, 1898, Gilford, a county Surrey, England. He was buried there, along with his brother and sister in the cemetery of Ascent.