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Intuition (the term comes from the Latin "Intuere" — "to look"; this article is in Russian — "Интуиция") is the direct perception of something as true, expedient, morally good or beautiful. It is opposed to reflection.
It is impossible to deny intuition as a fact, but it would be unreasonable to seek in it the highest norm of philosophical cognition, before which reflective thinking would lose its rights. Such a point of view (intuitionism) essentially takes away the raison d'etre from philosophy itself, whose task is to carry out everything given in external and internal perception clearly through the reflection of reason, discarding random and exceptional properties of phenomena and leaving as a result the meaning of everything, i.e. the universal and necessary content of the whole experience.
Intuitiveness or intuitive attitude to objects occupies a predominant, though not exclusive place in artistic creativity. (Vladimir Sergeevich Solovyov (January 28 (January 16, old style), 1853, Moscow — August 13 (July 31, Art.), 1900, in the estate of Uzkoye, Moscow province) was a Russian religious thinker, mystic, poet and publicist, literary critic, teacher. Honorary Academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in the category of Fine Literature (1900).
Intuition is a premonition directed into perspective, based on knowledge (without understanding how it was obtained) multiplied by experience.
There are four types of intuition:
Intellectual:
Heuristic:
Communicative:
Mystical — the ability to see through another reality — foresight, telepathy, clairvoyance, visions, and so on.
The term "intuition" is widely used in various occult, mystical and pseudoscientific teachings and practices.
In psychology, Intuition is a premonition directed into perspective, based on knowledge (without understanding how it was obtained) multiplied by experience.
In the history of philosophy, the concept of intuition had different contents. Intuition was understood as a form of direct intellectual knowledge or contemplation (intellectual intuition). Thus, the disciple of Socrates, the ancient Greek philosopher Plato argued that the contemplation of ideas (prototypes of things of the sensory world) is a kind of direct knowledge that comes as a sudden insight, involving a long preparation of the mind.
Austrian doctor[ru], physician-psychiatrist, neurologist and psychologist, founder of psychoanalysis — Sigmund Freud believed that intuition is a hidden, unconscious first principle of creativity.
French philosopher, representative of intuitionism and philosophy of life[ru] Henri-Louis Bergson believed that instinct is directly, without prior learning, determining the forms of behavior of the organism.
The German philosopher Georg Hegel in his system dialectically combined intuition as direct and indirect knowledge.
German materialist philosopher Ludwig Feuerbach interpreted intuition as cognition in the form of sensory intuition: "... unconditionally indubitable, clear as the sun[horo]... only the sensual", and therefore the mystery of intuitive cognition and "... is concentrated in sensuality".
Russian[ru] journalist, consultant, coach and publicist Evgeny Vitalievich Gilbo believes that intuition is a way to listen to yourself. The main thing here is the requirement for yourself. An important point is that a person must somehow trust himself.
According to the works of the Israeli-American[ru] psychologist, one of the founders of behavioral economics Daniel Kahneman, intuition is the ability to automatically make decisions without lengthy logical reasoning or evidence.
In some currents of philosophy, intuition is interpreted as a divine revelation, as an entirely unconscious process incompatible with logic and life practice (intuitionism).
Another interpretation of intuition is a direct comprehension of the truth by the mind, not deduced by logical analysis from other truths and not perceived through the senses.
Intuition may be enough to discern the truth, but it is not enough to convince others and oneself of this truth. This requires proof.
One of the aspects of intuition is based on life experience, so the only way to develop it is to accumulate experience in a certain area of knowledge.
The discovery by the Russian scientist, chemist, metrologist, physicist, physicochemist, economist, technologist, geologist, meteorologist, teacher, teacher, oilman, balloonist and instrument maker Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev of the periodic law of chemical elements, as well as the definition of the benzene formula developed by the German organic chemist August Kekule, made by them in a dream, confirm the value of life experience and the baggage of knowledge for the development of intuition, for obtaining intuitive knowledge.
Many authors offer various trainings for the development of intuition, for example:
Read[ru] also about intuition in literature: